The orthopedist treats both congenital and acquired conditions such as fractures, sprains, scoliosis, lordosis, osteoarthritis, periarthritis, herniated discs, carpal tunnel syndrome, osteoporosis, meniscal tears, ligament injuries, back pain, cervical syndrome, tendinitis, and flat feet. This medical field encompasses the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders affecting bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles, crucial for restoring patient mobility and well-being.